Open Wide and Trek Inside

Created under a contract from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

BSCS
5415 Mark Dabling Boulevard
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918

Videodiscovery, Inc.
1700 Westlake Avenue, North, Suite 600
Seattle, Washington 98109

This material is based on work supported by the National Institutes of Health under Contract No. 263-98-C-0056. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations in this publication belong to the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency that funded the project.

Copyright © 2000 by BSCS and Videodiscovery, Inc. All rights reserved. BSCS and Videodiscovery, Inc. give permission to copy items in this module (including the software) for classroom use. This copyright does not cover copying these items for any other purpose. For permissions or other rights, contact BSCS, 5415 Mark Dabling Blvd., Colorado Springs, CO 80918-3842, www.bscs.org, info@bscs.org, (719) 531-5550.

NIH Publication No. 00-4869
ISBN: #1-929614-04-7

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BSCS Development Team

Nancy M. Landes, Principal Investigator
Anne L. Westbrook, Project Director
Debra A. Hannigan, Curriculum Developer
Ann C. Lanari, Research Assistant
Carol Vallee, Project Assistant
Karen Bertollini, Project Assistant
Mary Crist, Project Assistant
Carrie Hamm, Project Assistant
Raphaela Pascoe, Project Assistant
Barbara Resch, Editor
Ric Bascobert, Editor
Diane Gionfriddo, Photo Research
Sandra Matthews, Evaluator

Videodiscovery, Inc. Development Team

Shaun Taylor, Vice President for Product Development
Michael Bade, Multimedia Producer, Project Director, Programmer
David Christianson, Animator, Programmer
Terry Gangstad, Voice of Exee
Emma Swanson, Child's voice

Advisory Committee

Nina Finkel, Whittier Elementary School, Chicago, Illinois
Isabel Garcia, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland
Beth Hines, Dental Hygienist, Olympia, Washington
Richard Lamont, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, Washington
Cindy Lindquist, Cañon Elementary School, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Marilyn Lindsay, Taos Day School, Taos, New Mexico
Marcia Rubin, American School Health Association, Kent, Ohio

Writing Team

Michael Bade, Videodiscovery, Seattle, Washington
Gail Bemis-Stoops, Synergy Seminars, Dewey, Arizona
Cynthia Buckley, Pikes Peak Community College, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Cathy Griswold, Lyons Elementary School, Lyons, Oregon
Charles Kalish, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
Jane Steffensen, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas

Spanish Translations

Isabel Garcia and Eligia Murcia, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

Spanish Translation Reviewer

Guillermo Solano-Flores, WestEd, Washington, D.C.

Artists

Susan Bartel
David Christianson, Christianson Animation

Photographs

Carlye Calvin
Corel
Visuals Unlimited

BSCS Administrative Staff

Carlo Parravano, Chairman, Board of Directors
Rodger W. Bybee, Executive Director
Janet Carlson Powell, Associate Director, Chief Science Education Officer
Larry Satkowiak, Associate Director, Chief Operating Officer

Videodiscovery, Inc. Administrative Staff

D. Joseph Clark, President
Shaun Taylor, Vice President for Product Development

National Institutes of Health

Bruce Fuchs, Office of Science Education
Isabel Garcia, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
William Mowczko, Office of Science Education
Gloria Seelman, Office of Science Education

Field-test Teachers

Marge Bartovich, Franklin Elementary School, Eveleth, Minnesota
Janet Crockett, Shepherd Elementary School, Washington, D.C.
Maritsa George, Shepherd Elementary School, Washington, D.C.
Susan Howell, Cañon Elementary School, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Cindi Hudgins, Yale Elementary School, Yale, Oklahoma
Cynthia Lindquist, Cañon Elementary School, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Marilyn Lindsay, Taos Day School, Taos, New Mexico
Sharon Neighbors, Lela Howland Elementary School, Eagle Grove, Iowa
Martha Oestreich, Taos Day School, Taos, New Mexico
Kathryn Powers, Holy Trinity School, Washington, D.C.
Denise Rankin, Carlton Math Science Magnet School, Wichita, Kansas
Chris Ritter, Carus School, Oregon City, Oregon
Stephanie Short, Volga-Century Elementary School, Volga, West Virginia
Jonna Smith, Lost River Elementary School, Bowling Green, Kentucky
Rita Streets, Volga-Century Elementary School, Volga, West Virginia
Ida Willis, Norman Smith Elementary, Clarksville, Tennessee

Cover Design

Martha Blalock, Medical Arts and Photography Branch, National Institutes of Health

Cover Illustration

David Christianson, Christianson Animation

Design and Layout

Angela Greenwalt, Finer Points Productions

Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Harold Slavkin for his ideas and enthusiastic support of this project, and to the NIDCR scientific advisors: Robert Coghill, Alice Horowitz, Michael Iadarola, Karen Jaffe, Candace Jones, Mary MacDougall, and Lawrence A. Tabak.

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Contents

Foreword — Page vii

About the National Institutes of Health — Page ix

About the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research — Page xiii

Introduction to Open Wide and Trek Inside — Page 1

• What Are the Objectives of the Module?
• Why Teach the Module?
• What's in It for the Teacher?

Implementing the Module — Page 5

• What Are the Goals of the Module?
• What Are the Science Concepts and How Are They Connected?
• How Does the Module Match the National Science Education Standards?
• Content Standards: Grades K–4
• Teaching Standards
• Assessment Standards
• How Does the 5E Instructional Model Support Active, Team-based, Inquiry Learning?
• How Does the Module Support Ongoing Assessment?
• How Can Teachers Keep the Science Classroom Safe?
• How Can Tricky Topics Be Handled in the Classroom?

Using the CD-ROM — Page 17

• Installation Instructions
• Getting the Most out of the CD-ROM
• Working in Groups

Using the Student Lessons — Page 21

• Format of the Lessons
• Timeline for Teaching the Module
• Master List of Materials

Student Lessons

Lesson 1: What Do Mouths Do? — Page 27

Lesson 2: Open Wide! What's Inside? — Page 39

Lesson 3: Let's Investigate Tooth Decay! — Page 57

Lesson 4: What Lives Inside Your Mouth? — Page 69

Lesson 5: What Keeps Your Mouth Healthy? — Page 77

Lesson 6: What Have You Learned about the Mouth? — Page 91

Additional Resources for Teachers — Page 105

Glossary — Page 107

References — Page 113

Masters — Page 115

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Foreword

This curriculum supplement is part of The NIH Curriculum Supplements Series. It brings up-to-date medical science and basic research findings from the labs of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) straight into classrooms. NIH is the largest medical research organization in the United States. It plays a key role in keeping Americans healthy, and it wants to spark young people's interest in research, science, and health-related careers. NIH's Office of Science Education (OSE) works to promote science education and help people understand science better.

This curriculum supplement was designed to work alongside existing life science lessons taught in states and school districts. It was also built to match the National Science Education Standards.¹ A team created and tested it over several years. The team included teachers from across the country, scientists, doctors, and other experts from research institutes and medical schools nationwide. It also included a scientist or representative from each of NIH's 25 institutes, along with curriculum design experts from the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) and Videodiscovery. The writers used real scientific data and actual case studies to build classroom activities. Teachers and students in many different parts of the country tested the lessons over three years of development.

This module is designed to help teachers guide learning effectively and spark student interest by connecting science ideas to real-life situations. Its design includes a logical flow of lessons based on BSCS's 5E Instructional Model of Learning, connections across multiple subjects with a focus on cutting-edge science, and built-in tools for checking student understanding. The activities encourage students to work actively and in teams. They are inquiry-based, meaning students investigate and ask questions to build problem-solving skills and critical thinking.

Each year, NIH will release new supplements for students in grades K–12. Every curriculum supplement includes a full set of materials for teachers and students: printed materials, detailed background information, and a CD-ROM with videos and interactive activities. These supplements are given to teachers across the United States at no cost. Materials may be copied for classroom use, but they may not be sold. We welcome feedback from teachers and students who use them.

For a complete list of curriculum supplements, updates, and ordering information, or to share feedback, visit our website at http://science-education.nih.gov, or write to:

Curriculum Supplements Series
Office of Science Education
National Institutes of Health
6705 Rockledge Dr., Suite 700 MSC 7984
Bethesda, MD 29892-7984

We deeply appreciate the hard work of the talented staff at the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) and Videodiscovery, Inc. We are also grateful to the NIH scientists, advisors, and other professionals who contributed their time and expertise.