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High School Chemistry Workbook

Adapted with AI from the original open resource by CK-12 Foundation. Nothing is invented — only the reading level changes.

CK-12 Chemistry Workbook

By CK-12 Foundation
February 13, 2010

CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit group. Its mission is to make textbooks cost less for students in grades K-12, both in the United States and around the world. CK-12 uses a system called the "FlexBook." This is an open, web-based way for people to work together and build learning materials. CK-12 wants to create excellent educational content. This content can be used as a main textbook. It can also help create a learning experience that adjusts to each student's needs.

Copyright © 2009 CK-12 Foundation. This work is shared under a Creative Commons license. This means people can share and use the work freely, as long as they give credit and share it under the same rules. You can see the full license online or write to the Creative Commons office in San Francisco, California.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: The Science of Chemistry — includes lessons on the Scientific Method, Chemistry in History, Chemistry as a Science of Materials, Matter, and Energy.

Chapter 2: Chemistry as a Physical Science — includes lessons on Measurements in Chemistry, Using Measurements, Using Math in Chemistry, and Using Algebra in Chemistry.

Chapter 3: Chemistry in the Laboratory — includes lessons on Making Observations, Making Measurements, Using Data, and How Scientists Use Data.

Chapter 4: The Atomic Theory — includes lessons on the Early Development of a Theory, Further Understanding of the Atom, and Atomic Terminology.

Chapter 5: The Bohr Model of the Atom — includes lessons on the Wave Form of Light, the Dual Nature of Light, Light and the Atomic Spectra, and the Bohr Model.

Chapter 6: Quantum Mechanics Model of the Atom — includes lessons on Wave-Particle Duality, Schrödinger's Wave Functions, Heisenberg's Contribution, Quantum Numbers, and Shapes of Atomic Orbitals.

Chapter 7: Electron Configurations for Atoms — includes lessons on the Electron Spin Quantum Number, Pauli Exclusion, the Aufbau Principle, and Writing Electron Configurations.

Chapter 8: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table — includes lessons on Electron Configurations of Main Group Elements, Orbital Configurations, and the Periodic Table and Electron Configurations.

Chapter 9: Relationships Between the Elements — includes lessons on Families on the Periodic Table, Electron Configurations, Lewis Electron Dot Diagrams, Chemical Family Members Having Similar Properties, Transition Elements, and the Lanthanide and Actinide Series.

Chapter 10: Trends on the Periodic Table — includes lessons on Atomic Size, Ionization Energy, and Electron Affinity.

Chapter 11: Ions and the Compounds They Form — includes lessons on the Formation of Ions, Ionic Bonding, and Properties of Ionic Compounds.

Chapter 12: Writing and Naming Ionic Formulas — includes lessons on Predicting Formulas of Ionic Compounds and Inorganic Naming Rules (called nomenclature).

Chapter 13: Covalent Bonding — includes lessons on the Covalent Bond, Atoms that Form Covalent Bonds, and Naming Covalent Compounds.

Chapter 14: Molecular Architecture — includes lessons on Types of Bonds that Form Between Atoms, the Covalent Molecules of Families 2A-8A, Resonance, Electronic and Molecular Geometry (the shapes molecules make), and Molecular Polarity.

Chapter 15: The Mathematics of Compounds — includes lessons on Determining Formula and Molecular Mass, the Mole (a unit chemists use to count particles), Percent Composition, and Empirical and Molecular Formulas.

Chapter 16: Chemical Reactions — includes lessons on Chemical Equations, Balancing Equations, and Types of Reactions.

Chapter 17: Mathematics and Chemical Equations — includes lessons on the Mole Concept and Equations, Mass-Mass Calculations, Limiting Reactant (the ingredient that runs out first in a reaction), Percent Yield, and Energy Calculations.

Chapter 18: The Kinetic Molecular Theory — includes lessons on the Three States of Matter, Gases, Gases and Pressure, Gas Laws, the Universal Gas Law, Molar Volume, and Stoichiometry Involving Gases (math used to measure amounts in reactions).

Chapter 19: The Liquid State — includes lessons on the Properties of Liquids, Forces of Attraction, Vapor Pressure, Boiling Point, and Heat of Vaporization.

Chapter 20: The Solid State — includes lessons on how the Arrangement of Molecules in Solids Controls Their Characteristics, Melting, Types of Forces of Attraction for Solids, and Phase Diagrams.

Chapter 21: The Solution Process — includes lessons on the Solution Process, Why Solutions Occur, Solution Terminology, Measuring Concentration, Solubility Graphs, Factors Affecting Solubility, Colligative Properties (how dissolved substances change a liquid's behavior), Colloids, and Separating Mixtures.

Chapter 22: Ions in Solution — includes lessons on Ions in Solution, Covalent Compounds in Solution, and Reactions Between Ions in Solutions.

Chapter 23: Chemical Kinetics — includes lessons on Rate of Reactions, Collision Theory, Potential Energy Diagrams, Factors That Affect Reaction Rates, and Reaction Mechanism.

Chapter 24: Chemical Equilibrium — includes lessons on Introduction to Equilibrium, the Equilibrium Constant, the Effect of Applying Stress to Reactions at Equilibrium, and Slightly Soluble Salts.

Chapter 25: Acids and Bases — includes lessons on Arrhenius Acids, Strong and Weak Acids, Arrhenius Bases, Salts, pH (a scale that measures how acidic or basic something is), Weak Acid/Base Equilibria, Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases, and Lewis Acids and Bases.

Chapter 26: Water, pH, and Titration — includes lessons on how Water Ionizes and Indicators.

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