← Grade 8: Statistics & Bivariate Data
Flashcards
Grade 8: Statistics & Bivariate Data
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Grade 8: Statistics & Bivariate Data — Flashcards
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| Bivariate data | Data that involves two variables, examined to investigate patterns of association between the two quantities. |
| Univariate data | Data involving only one variable, studied prior to 8th grade by creating displays and calculating measures of center and spread. |
| Scatter plot | A graph used to display bivariate measurement data, showing points plotted for each pair of values, used to investigate patterns of association. |
| Positive association | A pattern in a scatter plot where as one variable increases, the other variable also tends to increase. |
| Negative association | A pattern in a scatter plot where as one variable increases, the other variable tends to decrease. |
| No apparent association | When there is no clear pattern or relationship visible between the two variables in a scatter plot. |
| Linear association | A pattern in bivariate data where the points in a scatter plot cluster around a straight line. |
| Non-linear association | A pattern in bivariate data where the relationship between variables does not follow a straight line. |
| Cluster | A group of data points in a scatter plot that are close together, indicating a concentration of similar data values. |
| Outlier | A data point that differs significantly from the other points in a data set or scatter plot. |
| Line of best fit | A straight line drawn through a scatter plot that best represents the trend of the data, used to informally model a linear association. |
| Linear model | A mathematical equation representing a line of best fit, used to describe the relationship between two variables in bivariate data. |
| Prediction function | An equation (linear model) used to make predictions about one variable based on the value of another variable in bivariate data. |
| Slope (in context of bivariate data) | In a linear model, the slope represents the rate of change between the two variables, interpreted within the context of the data (e.g., cm per hour). |
| Two-way frequency table | A table used to summarize bivariate categorical data collected on two categorical variables from the same subjects, showing counts for each combination. |
| Marginal frequencies | The totals found in the margins (row and column totals) of a two-way frequency table. |
| Relative frequencies | Frequencies expressed as proportions or percentages, calculated for rows or columns of a two-way table to help describe possible associations. |
| Categorical variables | Variables that represent categories or groups rather than numerical measurements (e.g., yes/no, type of pet). |
| Quantitative (numerical) variables | Variables that represent measurable numerical quantities. |
| 8.SP.1 (Standard) | Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association, including clustering, outliers, and types of association. |
| 8.SP.2 (Standard) | Informally fit a straight line to scatter plots that suggest linear association and assess the fit by judging closeness of points to the line. |
| 8.SP.3 (Standard) | Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems involving bivariate data, interpreting slope and intercept in context. |
| 8.SP.4 (Standard) | Construct and interpret two-way tables for bivariate categorical data, using relative frequencies to describe possible associations between variables. |
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