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Image Representation (Colour by Numbers)

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Image Representation (Colour by Numbers) — Flashcards

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What is a pixel?A "picture element" — one of the small dots that a computer screen is divided into to make up an image.
How does a computer store a black and white picture?It stores which pixels are black and which are white, using numbers.
What does the first number in a coded picture line represent?The number of white pixels at the start of that line.
What does it mean if a line's code begins with a 0?It means the first pixel in that line is black (since the first number always represents white pixels, a 0 shows there are no white pixels before the black ones start).
What is run-length coding?A method of compressing images by recording the length ("run") of consecutive pixels of the same colour, instead of storing every single pixel.
Why do computers compress images?To save storage space and reduce the time needed to transmit pictures (e.g., over fax or the internet).
What does a fax machine do?It scans a black and white page into pixels (about 1000 × 2000), sends them via modem to another fax machine, which prints the pixels onto paper.
Why do fax images compress well?Because they often have large blocks of white (like margins) or black (like lines), which repeat and can be run-length coded efficiently.
By how much are fax images generally compressed?To about a seventh of their original size.
By how much can photographs/pictures be compressed?Often to a tenth or even a hundredth of their original size, using different compression techniques.
What would happen without image compression?Images would take much longer to transmit and require much more storage space, making things like faxes or web photos impractical.
In coloured run-length coding, what do the two numbers in each pair represent?The first number gives the length of the run of pixels; the second number specifies the colour code (e.g., 0 = black, 1 = red, 2 = green).
Why is there usually a limit to the length of a pixel run in coding?Because the run length is represented as a binary number, which can only hold values up to a certain size.
How can you code a run of twelve black pixels if you can only use numbers up to seven?Code seven black pixels, then a run of zero white pixels, then a run of five black pixels.
What situations require computers to store pictures?Drawing programs, games with graphics, and multi-media systems.
What skills does the Colour by Numbers activity develop?Counting and graphing.
What tool is used to demonstrate image coding in this activity?An OHP (overhead projector) transparency showing a magnified letter "a" made of pixels, with its numeric code.
What is the benefit of drawing on tracing paper over the grid?It allows the final image to be viewed clearly without the grid lines showing through.

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